VITAJTE NA WEB STRÁNKACH KATEDRY GEOGRAFIE, GEOINFORMATIKY A REGIONÁLNEHO ROZVOJA FPVaI UKF V NITRE
VITAJTE NA WEB STRÁNKACH KATEDRY GEOGRAFIE, GEOINFORMATIKY A REGIONÁLNEHO ROZVOJA FPVaI UKF V NITRE

Zmeny krajinnej pokrývky v kontrastnom regióne Vihorlatských vrchov a Východoslovenskej nížiny

Land Cover Changes of the Contrast Region at the Contact Area of the Vihorlat Mountains and Východoslovenská Lowland

Monika Ivanová, Eva Michaeli, Martin Boltižiar

In: Geografické informácie (Geographical Information), Ročník (Volume) 15, Číslo (Issue) 2, 2011, p. 32-45, ISSN 1337-9453

DOI: 10.17846/GI.2011.15.2.32-45

Abstract

A suitable tool to consider the level of social influences on the countryside are changes in the landscape structure. These changes are understood as sequences of different states of physical nature, which are joined to the particular time horizons (Feranec a i. 1997). Comparing these changes enables to express not only spatial and functional changes but also tendencies in the landscape development. The main aim of this article was to analyze and evaluate the land cover and land use changes in the area of the paradynamic system in the foothill of the Vihorlat Mountains (contact of the Inner and Outer Eastern Carpathian Mountains and Východoslovenská Lowland). Background for the mapping of the secondary landscape structure became topographic maps from 1956, 1991 and orthophotomaps depicting the real situation in 2005 and 2009. Digitalization of the map data and subsequent checking of topology was done using the software Arc View GIS 3.2 and 9.1, and thus was done the elimination of overlaying or missing areals as well. Respectable problem was a forming of the legend Corine Land Cover, which could regard the size and specifics of the researched region. Considering that reason we started from the need of landscape-ecological research for PHARE countries (Feranec, Oťaheľ, 1991), which divides groups of the land cover classes up to 4th hierarchic level suitable for the work with an area in map scale aproximately 1: 50 000. The evaluation of the land cover changes was based on the process of overlaying the map layers using software Arc View GIS 3.2. The result of this process were contingent tables and chart of the transformation of the land cover classes in individual time horizons. The changes in the landscape structure were completed by data on percentual representation of the land cover classes expressing only area size of the land cover classes in particular time periods, but they do not reflect changes which were formed by overlying the time layers. Transformation of the land cover was completed with the indexes of changes (Bičík, Jeleček, 2005). The biggest change in the landscape mosaic in the researched area was building of the Zemplínska šírava water dam, which covered more than 1 000 hectares of grasslands and more than 700 hectares of arable land. The building of the water dam conditioned the formation of not only new land cover classes, but it reflected also the changes in the land use. The dominant functions were agricultural, service-residential in this area before building the water dam and after its building the importance of recreational, nature-protective function started Geografické informácie 15 2/2011 33 to increase. The changes touched also mountainous part of the region. Forestmanagement activities manifested in the change of the forest kinds composition. Timber production activities caused the emergence of the forest cutting, which went under the process of succession (natural rejuvenation of the forest).

Keywords: land cover changes, eastern Slovakia, GIS

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